Core-drill.



2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

PATENTED MAY 22, 1906.

M 0 S N A R v W. M P 1 III n V I L W a N M D 3 3 W D m m M m M w n I A R m H H mm 7 H A m m M HUI! S \Jllli M- 1 W i L A 4 A 3 I W w 4 3 3 3 No. 821,130. I PATENTED MAY 22, 1906. J. M. SMITH, R. M. DOWNIE 6/: F. W. EANSOM.

CORE DRILL.

APPLICATION FILED OGT.17, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Hllllllllll war/$7674 all/29 2 witnesses UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

JOHN MORRIS SMITH, or REYNOLDSVILLE, AND RO ERTA i. noWNIE AND FREDERICK w. RANsoM. or BEAVER EALLs, PENNSYLVANIA. ASSIGNORS 'ro KEYSTONE DRILLER ooMr NnoF BEAV R rAnLs',

PENNSYLVANIA.

CORE-DRILL fatentea May 22, 1906.

Application filed October 17.1905. Serial No. 283,191.

1'0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, J oIIN'MoREIs SMITH, of Reynoldsville, in the county of Jefferson, and ROBERT M. DowNIE and FREDERICK RANsoM, of Beaver Falls, in the county of Beaver, State of Pennsylvania, citizens of the United States, have invented a new and useful Core-Drill, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to means for extracting solid cores from bore-holes.

It is well known that the most economical method of making a large bore-hole 1n the earth is by means of a percussion chisel-drill ture that will permit it to be substituted for the ordinary bit. v

A'further object is to provide a core-drill in which different styles of bits or cutters can be'employed that are adapted to the various formations to be found.

Still another object isto provide a reciprocatory or percussion core-drill which is operative without the necessity of venting the same, means being provided. for opposing the'resistance due to the confined and compressed air contained in the drill.

An embodiment of the invention that'is at present considered the preferable one is disclosed in the accompanying drawings; wherein j 'Figure 1 is a sectional view through the drill, portions of which are broken away, said view showing the core-holder as forced'back into the casing against the action of the weight and the tension of the spring. Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view, on an enlarged scale, through the lower portion of the same including the cutter-head. Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of said cutter-head. Fig. 4 is a I bottom plan view of the cutter-head sleeve.

view of the ring-axle. Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view, on an enlarged scale, through the swivel connection between the core-barrel and weight. A Fig. 8 is a bottom plan view of the carrier collar and antifrictionrollers. Fig. 9 is a sectional view on the line 9 9 of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a detail sectional view through the lower portion of the core-barrel, showing the retaining-tongues. Fig. 11 i's'a sectional view through a different form of'bit or cutter. Fig. 12 is a bottom plan view thereof. Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a modified form of cutter, and Fig. 14 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 15 is'a sectional view of still another formof cutter, and Fig. 16 is a plan view thereof.

Similar reference-numerals designate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings. 1

In the embodiment of the invention disclosed in the first ten figures a tubularimperforate drill-stem 17' is' employed, into the upper end of whichis screwed an attachinghead .18, that completely closes said upper end. The head projects above the stem,b'eing provided with an angular portion 19 for the reception of a wrench and terminating at its upper end in an upstanding screw-shank 20, by means of which the tool can be connected to the common ars or rope-socket of a set of percussion drilling-tools. The'lower end of the tubular stem carries a bit or cutter, which in the present and preferred embodiment consists of a sleeve 21, exteriorly threaded upon the lower end of the stem and depending beneath the same, being provided with a bore 22 of less diameter than the bore of the stem, thereby forming a shoulder 23. The sleeve 21 is provided in its lower end with an annular seat 24 and with transverse sockets 25 that intersect spread apart sufliciently to "receive said wheels, the ring being disposed in the seat 24 and held in place by a keeper-collar 29, having outturned curved ears 30, that extend over the ring between the wheels. The collar 29 fits within the lower end of the sleeve, which is counterbored for the purpose and is held in place by rivets 31 or other suitable fasteners.

Slidably mounted'within the stem 17 is a core-holder in the. form of a barrel or tube 32, the lower end of which is normally located in the sleeve 21 sa d barrel sliding freely through the sleeve and longitudinally within the stem The lower end of the barrel is open, and contiguous to said lower end are inwardly and upwardly extending core retaining tongues 33, the upper ends of which are preferably sharpened. The upper end of the core-barrel is completely. closed'by a cap 34, into which said barrel is detachably threaded, said cap constituting one of a pair of relatively rotatable'swivel members, the other 'rnembit comprising a spindle 35, that is journaled in the cap and is carried by the lower end of a weight 36, that extends longitudinally in the upper portion of the stem 17. The cap 34 rests upon a thimble 37, held in place by a nut 38 and Washer 39, the former being preferably locked by a suitable pin 40.

Located upon the spindle 35 above the cap is a carrier-collar 41, against which the wei ht 36 bears. This carrier-collar is provi ed with a series of recessed seats 42, in which are journaled antifriction-rollers 43, mounted on the carrier, which rollers bear against the inner face of the drill-stem 17 and are located directly adjacent to the swivel-joint. Between the carrier 41 and cap 34 is arranged a ballbearin consisting of a pair of wear-plates 44,

, locate on the spindle 35 and having c'rcular runways 45 on the'r opposing faces, which runways receive balls 46. A coiled spring 47 surrounds the weight 36 and has its lower end bearing upon-the collar 41, while its upper end bears against the lower end of the attaching-head 18, said head, as shown in Fig. 1, preferably having its lower end re-' cessed, as shown at 48, to receive the upper end of the weight, the weight being so disposed that when abutted against said head the lower end of the barrel is located within the sleeve 21 of the cutter-head. This is disclosed in Fig. 1. By reference to Figs. 1, 7, and 9, it will be noted that the lower edge of the barrel-cap 34 has a series of sockets 49- These sockets are arranged to receive the head-lugs 50 of holding-pins 51, located in the sleeve 21 of the bit.

Instead of the bit above described different types may be employed for different kinds of materials. Thus in Figs. 11 and 12 a sleeve 52 is employed, the upper end of which is interiorly threaded, as shown at 53, so that it may be screwed upon the drill-stem 17, the lower end having a number of radial cutting edges 54. Still another form is illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14, the sleeve 55, disclosed therein, having a saw-tooth constructionthat is to say, the lower teeth 56 are set alternately outward and inward. Still another type is shown in Figs. 15 and 16, wherein the sleeve 57 has but two teeth or cutting edges 58.

In prospecting with this structure the principal portion of the drilling is performed by means of the common percussion-drill, such as is used for dr'lling oil and water wells. When, however, the mineralized or other formation of which a sample is desired is reached, this common percussion-drill is detached from the dr-lling-tools, and the tool disclosed is substituted in its place. During the lowering thereof into the bore-hole the c0re-barrel 32 w 11 be projected from the lower end of the stem, because of the weight 36 and spring 47, said barrel being supported by the cap resting upon the shoulder 23 0f the cutter-head. As soon as the bottom of the hole is reached the barrel will be forced back into the stem and the drill is then operated in the ordinary manner. It will be apparent that a core wi ll be formed by the cut ters, and this core will enter the lower end of the barrel, the spring continuously pressing the core-barrel against the bottom of the bore-hole or, in other words, forcing the barrel downwardly over the core as the latter is formed and preventing the barrel being raised by frictional contact with the hollow drill-stem as the latter rises between strokes. In case the spring is not sufficient to cause the downward feed of the barrel it will be seen by reference to Fig. 1 that the head 18 will strike the upper end of' the bar 48, and thus the weight of the string of tools will be brought to bear upon said barrel. As the sprin has a contact at its upper end with the attac 'nghead and as the antifriction-rollers 43 engage the stem, the tendency of the same is to revolve with the stem as the drilling-tools are turned; but because of the swivel connection and the roller-bearing the core-barrel will remain stationary and the danger of twisting the core off at the bottom of the hole, and thereby injuring or destroying it, is eliminated. It w ll be observed that there are no vents either in the core-barrel or in the stem, an important feature in a structure of this kind, and because of. this there is a liabv lity of air being confined within the closed part. The spring, however, serves to holdthe barrel down against the pressure of the air and prevents the same moving upwardly upon the upstrokes of the tool.

The tongues 33 of the barrel slide freely down upon the core as it is made, but have a tendency to dig into and catch the core when the drilling-tool is drawn from the well. The core will thus be broken off and retained in will thus beheld against further rotation, and

upon the continuedrotation of the barrel said barrel will unscrew from the cap and the core will thus be easily removed.

We are aware that a hollow drill-stem inclosing a core-barrel is not new but those formerly devised were so constructed that the water, which is usually unavoidably present in the bore-hole, always gained access to the core, often destroying it. If the water is not present from a natural source, it must be supplied and either poured into the bore-hole around the drill or forced down a tubular rod tot'he inside of the hollow barrel, It willbe noticed that the drill here shown excludes the water even under great pressure in the following way: When the tool is ready to let down the bore-hole, the core-barrel will'be full of air and will project almost its full length below the cutter-head. When the lower end of the core-barreF'in its descent reaches the water, the air will be sealed within it, and when the cutter-head'also reaches the water-level the hollow drill-stem, also full of air, will be sealed against escape. Then when the core-barrel is later pressed against the bottom of the bore-hole it will be forced back up the hollow stem, adding its contents of air to that already in the hollow stem, and thus creating a pressure equal or greater than the pressure of the water. In this way the water is practically excluded from the inside of the hollow drill-stem.

This feature of the invention has another very important use-namely, to prevent the cuttings from Working up between the corebarrel and the hollow stem to clog itthe entrance of the water and cuttings being prevented by the said pressure of the air within the hollow stem.

From the foregoing it is thoughtt'that the construction, operation, and many advantages of the herein-described invention will 1. The combination with a tubular reciprocatory drill-stein having a percussion-cutter at its lower end, of atubular core-holder located within the stem and havinga free longitudinal movement in the same, the lower portion of said tubular core-holder being movable freely through the percussioncutter, and a spring engaging the holder and urging the same through said percussion.

cutter.

2. The combination with a tubular reciprocatory drill-stem having a completely closed upper end and an open lower end, of a ercussion cutter-head ow er-end, a tubular core-holder located within the stem and having a free longitudinal movement therein, and a spring engaging the 'holder and urging the same through the said cutter-head 3. The combination with an-imperforate stem-tube, of 'an attaching-head completely closing the upperend. thereof, a percussion drill-head sleeve secured to the lower end of the tube, a freely-movable core-barrel longitudinally slidable in the stem-tube and mov= able through the sleeve, and a coiled spring interposed between and bearing. against the attaching-head and barrel tourge the latter outwardly through the drill-head sleeve.

4. The combination with'a tubular drill stem, of a longitudinal]y-movable swivel therein, said'swivel comprising relatively rotatable members, a core-holder carried by one member, and a spring associated with the other member to urge the holder over a core.

5. The combination with a tubular drillstem, of a longit-udinally-movable core-barrel located therein, and a spring having a swiveled bearing upon the core-barrel.

6. The combination with a tubular drillstem, of a longitudinallynnovable swivel therein comprising relatively rotatable upper surrounding said and lower members, a tubular core-barrel depending from the lower member, and a coiled spring extending above the swivel and bearing downwardly thereupon.

7. The combination with a tubular drillstem, of a longitudinally-movable core-bar rel located therein, a cap carried by the upper end of the barrel and constituting a swivel member,; another member including a spindle journaled in the cap, and a coiled spring bearing upon said other member.

8. The combination with a tubular drillstem, of a core-holder movable therein, a weight having a swivel connection with the core-holderg and1a spring associated with the weight. I

9. The combination with a tubular reciprocatory drill-stem carrying a percussioncutter at its lower end, of a core-barrel longitudinally slidable in the stem, a weight having a swivel connection with the upper end of the barrel, and a spring surrounding the IIO weight and bearing against the swivel connection.

10; The combination with a drillstem, of-a core-barrel" longitudinally movable therein 1 and having a cap at itsupper end, a weight located above the barrel-and having a stem journaled in the cap, and aspring coiled about the weight andurging the core-barrel downwardly.

11. The combination with a tubular drill stem,*of an attaching-head secured to the upper end the-reof and closing the same, a per cussion drill-head secured to the lower end of the st'em'a'nd-having an opening therethrough,

a'tubular core barrel slidab'ly mounted in theweight swiveled on the cap and located b etween the barrel and attaching-head, said 2'0 =tachiiig-head, and aspring surroundin the weight-being adapted to engage with said atweight and bearing against the attachinghead, said spring urging the core-barrel downwardly. I

12. The combination with a stem, of a core-holder"inovablv associated therewith, means for effectingv the downward movement of the holder, said means having a'swivel connection with the holder, and antifriction-rollers located contiguous to said swivel connection. 13. The combination with a tubular stem, of a core-holderlongitudinally movable therein, a weight for moving the holder downwardly in the stem, said weight having a swivel connection with the holder, and antifriction-rollers carried by said swivel connection.

14. The combination with a stem, of a core-holder movably associated therewith, a weight having a swivel'connection with the upper end of the core-holder, a carrier mounted'on the swivel connection, and rollers journaled onthe carrier and operating against the stem.

15. The combination with a stem, of a core-holder movably associated therewith, a weight havingfa swivel connection with the upper end ofth e core-holder, acarrier mounted on the swivel connection, rollers journaled on the carrierand operating against the stem, and a ball-bearing interposed between the carrier and holder 16. The combination with a tubular drillstem, of anattaching-head secured to the upper end thereof, a percussion cutter -head sleeve secured to the lower end-of the stem, a tubular core-barrel slidably mounted in the stem and arranged to move through the cutter-head, a cap carried by the upper end of the barrel, a weight located within the barrel and having a spindle .journaled'in the cap, a

carrier-collar mounted on the spindle and I having recessed seats, rollers journaled in the seats and bearing against the drillstem, and a spring surrounding the weight and bearing against the carrier-collar.

17. The combination with a drill-stem and core-holder, of a cutter carried by the lower end of the stem and including a series of rollers having sharpened peripheral edges.

18. The combination with a drill-stem and acore-holder, of a sleeve carried by the lower end of the stem and having a series of slots, cutting-rollers located in the slots, journal means for said rollers mounted on the sleeve and a keeper secured to the sleeve and having ears that extend between the rollers and over the journal means.

19. The combination with a drillstem an a core-holder, of a sleeve carried by the lower end of the stem and having a series of slots, euttingrollers located in the slots, a ringaxle for said rollers located at the end of the sleeve, and a keeper secured to the sleeve and having ears that extend between the rollers and over the axle to retain the latter in place.

20. The combination with adrill-stem and core-holder, of a cutter comprising a sleeve secured to the lower end of the stem, said sleeve having an annular seat and slots intersecting the same, rollers located in the slots, a ring-axle for the rollers located in the seat, and a keeper extending over the axle.

21*. The combination with a tubular stem, of a core-barrel longitudinally movable therein, means detachably associated with the corebarrel For efieeting the feeding 'movement thereot over a core, and a device for holding the moving means against rotation during the detachment of the barrel therefrom, said de vice being carried by the stem and said means being movable into and out of engagement therewith.

22. The combination with a tubular stem, of a cutter-head carried by the lower end thereof, a lug disposed inside the stem adjacent to the cutter-head, a core-barrel slidably mounted within the stem, a cap screwed upon the upper end of said barrel, said cap having a socket that receives the lug, and means for urging the barrel outwardly to bring the seat of the cap to a position to receive the lug.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our own we have hereto aifixed our signatures in the presence of witnesses.

JOHN MORRIS SMITH. ROBERT M. DOWNIE: FREDERICK W. RANSOM Witnesses:

THOMAS F. SMITH,

M. V. FULLER,

MARGARET PAVAN,

Jos. H. ROUZER. 

